Body Freedom values transparency.

Our mission at Body Freedom relies on support from readers like you. We fairly compensate our expert writers and conduct thorough product evaluations monthly, incurring significant costs. To keep our information accessible to all, we instead receive referral fees from select companies mentioned on our site. Here's the deal: Once you discover the health test or product that suits your needs, click the company's link on our site, and when you make a purchase, we may receive a modest commission from them, at no extra expense to you. We're also Amazon Associates, earning from qualifying purchases through our website links. Keep an eye out for discounts and promotions, as our research team actively seeks them out. While we can't guarantee lower prices every time, we assure you they'll never be higher.

We uphold editorial integrity.

Companies featured on Body Freedom through research cannot influence our recommendations or advice through compensation. Our guidance is firmly rooted in countless hours of diligent research. Moreover, we purchase all reviewed products ourselves and decline freebies. Delivering unbiased reviews and expert information to our readers is our utmost priority.

Huel Meal Replacement: The Ultimate, Expert-Backed Review

Discover how Huel’s innovative, plant-based meal replacements deliver balanced nutrition, unbeatable convenience, and sustainable fuel for a modern lifestyle.

Jennifer Lê
Research Writer

Dr. Jennifer Lê, a Minnesota native, enjoys skiing and cooking. With a doctorate focused on mixed-race identity, she values diverse experiences. A mother of two, she loves Vietnamese and Ethiopian cuisine, sociology, and exploring topics like culture, race, and social psychology.

In today’s fast-paced world, finding nutritious, convenient, and balanced meals can be a challenge. Enter Huel—a brand that promises to deliver “nutritionally complete food” in a variety of formats, from powders and ready-to-drink shakes to bars and hot meals. In this comprehensive review, we’ve put Huel through its paces. With the help of a team comprising experienced journalists, registered dietitians, and hands-on product testers, we break down every facet of Huel’s offerings. Our goal is to give you an in-depth, balanced analysis that covers not only the nutritional science behind these products but also their real-world usability, taste, sustainability, and overall value.

In the following pages, you’ll find:

  • A detailed look at Huel’s brand philosophy and product evolution.
  • In-depth reviews of Huel Powder (both the Original and Black Edition), Ready-to-Drink shakes, Huel Bars, and Huel Complete Protein.
  • Comparative insights that pit Huel against its market competitors.
  • Expert opinions and practical tips drawn from original research and hands-on testing.
  • A final verdict with clear recommendations for who should—or shouldn’t—consider Huel as part of their diet.

Whether you’re a busy professional, an athlete, a vegan, or simply someone seeking a more efficient way to maintain a balanced diet, our review is designed to equip you with everything you need to know about Huel.


Brand and Product Background

The Story Behind Huel

Founded in 2014 by Julian Hearn and formulated with input from nutritionist James Collier, Huel set out to revolutionize the way we think about food. The brand’s name is a portmanteau of “human” and “fuel,” and its mission is as ambitious as it is clear: to provide nutritionally complete, sustainable, and convenient meals that support a balanced lifestyle. Over the years, Huel has grown from a niche product for tech enthusiasts and busy urbanites to a global phenomenon, with its products available in thousands of retail outlets and online platforms across Europe, North America, and beyond.

Product Range and Philosophy

Huel’s product lineup is extensive and designed to suit a variety of lifestyles:

1
Huel Powder (Original and Black Edition)
The flagship products that can be mixed with water (or other liquids) to create a shake that delivers all the essential macronutrients and micronutrients.
2
Ready-to-Drink Shakes (RTD)
Pre-mixed beverages that provide convenience on the go without the hassle of mixing.
3
Huel Bars
Portable, nutritionally balanced snack bars that are perfect for a quick protein boost.
4
Hot & Savoury Meals
Rehydrated meals that offer a warm, comforting alternative when you need more than just a shake.
5
Huel Complete Protein
A high-protein powder specifically formulated for muscle recovery and as an additional protein source.

At its core, Huel champions sustainability and ethical nutrition. The brand’s products are 100% plant-based, designed to reduce the environmental footprint associated with traditional animal-based diets, and incorporate ingredients chosen for their nutritional density. In addition, Huel has taken steps toward transparency and environmental responsibility, such as achieving B Corp certification and minimizing packaging waste.


In-Depth Product Reviews

Our review team meticulously tested each Huel product category over several weeks. Below are our detailed findings, which include nutritional breakdowns, taste profiles, texture and mixing experiences, and real-world usage scenarios.

Huel Powder: Original vs. Black Edition

Nutritional Formulation and Ingredient Breakdown

Huel Powder – Original Recipe
The Original Huel Powder was the pioneer in the “complete food” movement. It is designed to provide a balance of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fiber, and 26 essential vitamins and minerals. Its key ingredients include oats, pea protein, rice protein, and a blend of micronutrients designed to meet the daily recommended intakes.

  • Nutritional Highlights (per serving, approx. 100g):
    • Calories: 400 kcal
    • Protein: ~29g
    • Carbohydrates: ~37g (a significant portion coming from low-GI oats)
    • Fat: ~13g (a mix of healthy fats)
    • Fiber: ~8g
    • Micronutrients: 26 essential vitamins and minerals

Huel Powder – Black Edition

Launched in December 2019, the Black Edition represents a next-level refinement of the original formula. It is tailored for those who seek a higher protein intake with fewer carbohydrates, making it particularly appealing to athletes and those focused on muscle recovery.

  • Nutritional Highlights (per serving, approx. 100g):
    • Calories: 400 kcal
    • Protein: 40g (a boost of over 10g compared to the Original)
    • Carbohydrates: ~17g (roughly half that of the Original)
    • Fat: ~17g (with most fats being unsaturated and heart-healthy)
    • Fiber: ~3g (slightly lower, reflecting the formula’s focus on protein)
    • Micronutrients: 26 essential vitamins and minerals, plus green tea extract for antioxidant benefits

Ingredients Insights

Both formulas derive protein from a blend of pea protein and rice protein, though the Black Edition’s higher protein content means the ratios are adjusted to favor protein extraction while reducing the contribution of oats. The Black Edition is also naturally gluten-free, given the removal or reduction of oats, making it suitable for those with gluten sensitivities.

Pros and Cons Summary
AspectHuel Powder – OriginalHuel Powder – Black Edition
Calories400 kcal per serving400 kcal per serving
Protein~29g40g
Carbohydrates~37g~17g
Fats~13g~17g (mostly unsaturated)
Fiber~8g~3g
TasteMild oat flavor, can be grainyRicher flavor, more palatable
MixabilityRequires vigorous shakingSmoother with proper mixing
Target UsersThose who need balanced macros with more carbsAthletes, hard gainers, and those desiring a higher protein, lower carb meal replacement
Price per ServingComparableSlightly higher (but justified by enhanced protein content)

Pro Tip: For both versions, using a high-powered blender or a shaker with a built-in agitator can dramatically improve mixability. Experiment with liquid bases (e.g., almond milk, oat milk) to adjust taste and texture to your preference.

Taste, Texture, and Mixability

Taste Profile:

  • Original: The Original Huel Powder offers a mild, neutral taste with a pronounced oat flavor. It is slightly sweet but can taste grainy if not mixed thoroughly.
  • Black Edition: In contrast, the Black Edition has a richer and more palatable flavor profile. Testers noted that flavors such as Salted Caramel and Chocolate were particularly enjoyable. The natural sweetness from organic coconut sugar and stevia provides a smoother taste, although some still reported a hint of bitterness typical of plant-based proteins.

Texture and Mixability:

Black Edition: Although the Black Edition also benefits from a thorough mixing, it typically achieves a smoother consistency with fewer clumps, making it more appealing as a meal replacement for those who dislike a gritty texture.

Original: When mixed in the provided shaker bottle, the Original powder tends to be somewhat clumpy and grainy. Our testers found that shaking for only 10 seconds was insufficient; a more vigorous shake (or even using a blender) significantly improved the consistency.

Usage Scenarios
  • Original Huel Powder: Ideal for those who need a quick, nutritionally balanced meal but do not require a significant protein boost. It’s well-suited for replacing breakfast or lunch when paired with a side of fresh fruit.
  • Black Edition Huel Powder: Perfect for active individuals and athletes who demand higher protein for muscle repair and recovery. It’s also a great option for busy mornings when you need sustained energy without excessive carbohydrates.

Huel Ready-to-Drink (RTD) Shakes

Convenience and Nutritional Value

The Huel Ready-to-Drink shakes are designed for maximum convenience. Packaged in portable bottles, they provide an instant, nutritionally complete meal without any preparation. Each 500ml bottle delivers:

  • Calories: 400 kcal
  • Protein: ~20g
  • Carbohydrates: ~34g
  • Fats: ~19g
  • Micronutrients: 26 essential vitamins and minerals

The RTD format makes these shakes


Taste and Real-World Effects

Taste Profile:
Testers reported that the RTD shakes generally have a balanced flavor profile. While some found certain flavors (especially Chocolate) to be more appealing than others, the overall taste is clean, with no overpowering aftertaste. One advantage is that RTDs avoid the grainy texture sometimes associated with powders, as the product is pre-mixed.

Usage Benefits:

Practical Tip: Store RTD bottles in the fridge for an instant boost during busy mornings or as a post-workout refreshment.

Convenience: Ready-to-drink shakes eliminate the need for any mixing or preparation—simply grab and go.

Energy and Satiety: Our testers noted that RTDs provided a steady level of energy, keeping hunger at bay for several hours. Many reported improved focus and better performance during morning workouts.

Pros and Cons Summary
AspectHuel RTD Shakes
Calories400 kcal per bottle
Protein~20g
Carbohydrates~34g
Fats~19g
Micronutrients26 essential vitamins and minerals
TasteGenerally palatable; some flavors better than others (Chocolate often tops the list)
ConvenienceExtremely high—no mixing required
MixabilityN/A (pre-mixed)
Target UsersBusy professionals, gym enthusiasts, commuters
Price per ServingModerate, with subscription options available for discounts

Pro Tip: If you’re using RTDs as a meal replacement for breakfast, consider pairing them with a small portion of whole food (like a banana or handful of nuts) to enhance satiety and provide extra texture to your morning routine.


Huel Bars and Hot & Savoury Meals

Huel Bars: Nutritional Snack on the Go

Overview:
Huel Bars are designed as convenient, on-the-go snacks that deliver a balanced mix of protein, carbohydrates, and essential vitamins and minerals in a compact format.

  • Nutritional Highlights (per bar, approx.):
    • Calories: 200 kcal
    • Protein: ~12g
    • Carbohydrates: ~18g
    • Fats: ~8g (mostly healthy fats)
    • Micronutrients: 26 essential vitamins and minerals

Taste and Texture:
Reviewers have found Huel Bars to be a decent compromise between nutrition and convenience. Flavors like Salted Caramel and Peanut Butter tend to be more popular, offering a satisfying chew and a flavor profile that masks any residual bitterness from plant-based ingredients.


Hot & Savoury Meals: A Warm Alternative

Overview:
For those days when you crave something warm and comforting, Huel’s Hot & Savoury meals offer a rehydrated, instant food option. These meals come in various flavors, including options like tomato & herb, Thai green curry, and Mexican chili.

  • Nutritional Highlights (per serving, approx.):
    • Calories: 412–427 kcal per serving
    • Protein: ~26g
    • Carbohydrates: ~43g
    • Fats: ~14g
    • Micronutrients: Balanced vitamin and mineral content

Taste and Practicality:
Hot & Savoury meals are reconstituted with boiling water, and while the convenience is undeniable, some testers noted that the flavor can be somewhat “artificial” compared to freshly prepared meals. Nonetheless, they are a good option for multi-day races, camping trips, or when you need a quick, hot meal that’s nutritionally complete.

Pros and Cons Summary
AspectHuel BarsHot & Savoury Meals
Calories200 kcal per bar412–427 kcal per serving
Protein~12g per bar~26g per serving
Carbohydrates~18g per bar~43g per serving
Fats~8g per bar (healthy fats)~14g per serving
Micronutrients26 essential vitamins and mineralsBalanced vitamin and mineral profile
TasteGenerally acceptable; flavors varyCan taste artificial; some flavors better (e.g., Thai green curry)
ConvenienceHighly portable, great for snacksRequires rehydration; ideal for on-the-go warm meals
Target UsersIdeal for quick snacks and between-meal fuelBest suited for busy days, outdoor activities, or race events
PackagingSome concerns over non-recyclable wrappersMinimal waste; however, rehydration equipment needed

Pro Tip: If you find the Hot & Savoury meals too processed in taste, try adding your own touch by mixing in fresh herbs or a squeeze of lemon to brighten the flavor.

Huel Complete Protein: A Tasty, Nutrient-Dense Protein Boost

CoProduct Formulation and Nutritional Benefits

Huel Complete Protein is aimed at those who need an extra protein boost—whether for post-workout recovery or as an additional protein source throughout the day. The formulation is designed to provide a complete amino acid profile derived from a blend of pea, hemp, and faba protein.

  • Nutritional Highlights (per serving, approx. 29g scoop):
    • Calories: 105 kcal
    • Protein: 20g
    • Fat: 1.1g
    • Carbohydrates: 3.2g
    • Micronutrients: 26 essential vitamins and minerals

This product is sugar-free, gluten-free, dairy-free, and GMO-free, making it suitable for a broad audience, especially those with dietary restrictions.


Taste, Texture, and Usage

Taste Profile:
Testers found Huel Complete Protein to be one of the best-tasting options in the Huel range. Flavors such as Banana Milkshake and Chocolate Fudge Brownie were highlighted for their creamy, indulgent taste—reminiscent of a classic milkshake but without the excessive calories or artificial additives.

Texture and Mixing:
When mixed properly (using the recommended amount of water or an alternative liquid), the powder dissolves smoothly, offering a consistency that is neither too thick nor too watery. Adjusting the liquid-to-powder ratio allows users to customize the texture according to personal preference.

Usage Scenarios:
Huel Complete Protein is perfect for:

  • Post-workout recovery to boost muscle protein synthesis.
  • As a mid-afternoon snack to keep hunger at bay.
  • As a supplement in smoothies for an extra protein punch.

Pro Tip: For an even more enjoyable experience, try blending Huel Complete Protein with a bit of almond milk and a handful of frozen berries to create a refreshing, nutrient-dense smoothie.

Show more +

Comparative Analysis and Market Position

In a crowded market of meal replacements and protein powders, Huel stands out for its commitment to nutritionally complete, plant-based formulations. Let’s compare Huel with some of its top competitors:

Competitor Comparison

FeatureHuel (Powder & RTD)SoylentKa’ChavaOthers (e.g., Protein Works)
Product RangePowder (Original & Black), RTD, Bars, Hot Meals, Complete ProteinPrimarily RTD and PowderPowder-based complete mealVarious meal replacements
Protein Content29–40g per serving (Powder), 20g (RTD)~20g per serving~25g per servingVaries widely
CarbohydratesOriginal: ~37g; Black: ~17gModerate (varies)Lower carb profileVaries
Fats13–17g (mostly unsaturated)ModerateLower fat contentVaries
Micronutrients26 essential vitamins and minerals26–28 vitamins/minerals26 vitamins/minerals (+ superfoods)Varies
Vegan/Plant-Based100% vegan, plant-basedSoy-based; vegan options available100% veganMany options available
SustainabilityHigh; focus on low waste and B Corp certifiedModerate focus on sustainabilityHigh emphasis on superfoods and clean ingredientsVaries
Taste & TextureBlack Edition preferred; RTD smooth; some texture issues with Original PowderGenerally neutral; may be chalkyRich flavors, though priceySubjective
Price per Serving~$2.50–$3.50 (depending on product and subscription)Comparable; subscription discounts availableTypically higher, ~$4–$4.50Budget options available

What Sets Huel Apart?

  • Nutritional Completeness: Every Huel product is designed to deliver a balanced mix of macronutrients and 26 essential micronutrients in one serving, making it an ideal “complete food.”
  • Plant-Based and Sustainable: Huel’s commitment to vegan formulations and sustainability resonates with environmentally conscious consumers.
  • Diverse Product Range: Whether you need a shake, a bar, or even a hot meal, Huel offers multiple formats to suit different needs and lifestyles.
  • Innovation in Formulation: The Black Edition and Complete Protein products represent significant improvements over the original formula, focusing on enhanced protein content and improved taste.
  • Convenience and Flexibility: From on-the-go RTDs to powders that can be mixed into your favorite recipes, Huel adapts to the busy schedules of modern consumers.

Expert Opinion and Original Research

Insights from a Registered Dietitian

According to Dr. Emily Carter, a registered dietitian specializing in sports nutrition, “Huel’s approach to providing a nutritionally complete meal in a single product is innovative and has real benefits for those with hectic lifestyles. For individuals who struggle to balance macronutrients during the day, products like Huel can serve as a reliable fallback. However, it’s important to note that while Huel can replace a meal on busy days, it should not become the sole source of nutrition. Whole foods offer additional benefits in terms of fiber diversity, phytonutrients, and overall enjoyment of eating.”

Dr. Carter also emphasizes that the difference between the Original and Black Edition powders is significant for active individuals: “For those engaged in regular, intensive exercise, the Black Edition’s 40 grams of protein per serving can aid in muscle recovery and maintenance far more effectively than the Original formula.”

Research-Backed Benefits

Several peer-reviewed studies support the benefits of a high-protein, nutritionally complete meal replacement:

  • Muscle Protein Synthesis: Research published in the Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition suggests that consuming 20–40 grams of protein every few hours can maximize muscle protein synthesis in active individuals.1
  • Satiety and Weight Management: Studies indicate that high-protein diets are associated with improved satiety and reduced calorie intake, which may aid in weight management.2 The fiber in Huel also helps regulate blood sugar levels and supports digestive health.3
  • Nutrient Density: Government dietary guidelines emphasize the importance of micronutrients for overall health.4 Huel’s inclusion of 26 essential vitamins and minerals ensures that users receive a broad spectrum of nutrients, even on busy days.

Hands-On Testing and Pro Tips

Our testing team used Huel products over a period of four weeks, incorporating them into various meal scenarios:

  • Morning Routine: For busy professionals, replacing breakfast with a Black Edition shake helped maintain energy levels and prevented mid-morning hunger pangs.
  • Post-Workout Recovery: Athletes reported that the Complete Protein shake was particularly effective after workouts, thanks to its smooth texture and high-quality protein blend.
  • On-the-Go Nutrition: RTD shakes were a lifesaver during commutes and travel, offering a quick, balanced meal replacement without any preparation hassle.
  • Mixing Techniques: One common observation was that using a high-powered blender greatly improves the texture of Huel Powder. A quick tip is to pre-mix the powder with a small amount of liquid to break up clumps before adding the rest of the liquid.
  • Flavor Hacks: For those who might find the natural flavor of Huel too neutral, adding a splash of unsweetened almond milk, a squeeze of lemon, or even a handful of berries can enhance the taste without compromising nutritional value.

Final Verdict and Recommendations

Summary of Findings

After an exhaustive review of Huel’s product range and extensive hands-on testing, here are the key takeaways:

  • Nutritional Excellence: Huel products are designed to provide complete nutrition in a convenient format. Whether it’s the balanced macronutrients in the Original Powder or the enhanced protein content in the Black Edition, each product aims to deliver the nutrients your body needs.
  • Taste and Texture: While the Original Powder may suffer from some texture issues (graininess and clumping), the Black Edition and RTD shakes offer a more enjoyable taste and smoother consistency. Huel Complete Protein, in particular, shines with its creamy, milkshake-like quality.
  • Convenience and Versatility: Huel’s diverse product range caters to different lifestyles. The RTD shakes are perfect for those on the move, while the powders offer flexibility to customize your meal. Huel Bars and Hot & Savoury meals serve as practical alternatives when time is scarce.
  • Value for Money: Although Huel products may be priced slightly higher than some competitors, the nutritional completeness and convenience they offer make them a worthwhile investment—especially when subscribed to for regular deliveries.

Who Should Use Huel?

  • Busy Professionals and Commuters: If you’re often on the go and find it difficult to prepare balanced meals, Huel’s RTD shakes and powders offer a reliable solution.
  • Athletes and Active Individuals: Those engaged in regular physical activity will benefit from the high protein content—especially in the Black Edition and Complete Protein formulations—which supports muscle recovery and overall performance.
  • Vegans and Plant-Based Eaters: Huel’s 100% plant-based recipes provide a complete amino acid profile without relying on animal products,5 making it an excellent option for those following a vegan or plant-rich diet.
  • Individuals Seeking Convenience: Whether you’re looking to save time, reduce decision fatigue, or simply have a nutritious backup meal, Huel’s range offers a practical alternative to conventional eating.

Who Might Not Find Huel Ideal?

  • Foodies and Culinary Enthusiasts: If you derive significant pleasure from cooking and the sensory experience of eating whole, freshly prepared meals, relying heavily on meal replacements may not be satisfying in the long term.
  • Those Needing Variety: While Huel is nutritionally complete, the lack of variety in flavors and textures might lead to taste fatigue if consumed exclusively over extended periods.
  • People with Specific Digestive Sensitivities: Although Huel is designed to be gentle on the stomach, the high fiber content in some products (or the use of certain additives) may not suit everyone, particularly those with certain digestive disorders.6

Final Recommendations

Huel is not a magic bullet that will solve all your dietary challenges overnight. Instead, it serves as a robust plan B—a nutritionally complete option for those moments when life gets busy and preparing a balanced meal isn’t feasible. For best results, we recommend incorporating Huel as part of a broader, varied diet that includes whole foods. This hybrid approach allows you to enjoy the convenience and nutritional benefits of Huel while still indulging in the diversity and pleasure of home-cooked meals.

In conclusion:



Tables and Visual Summaries

Below is an example table summarizing key nutritional metrics across Huel’s main products:

ProductCalories per ServingProtein (g)Carbs (g)Fats (g)Fiber (g)Key Features
Huel Powder – Original400~29~37~13~8Balanced macronutrients; rich in oats; grainy texture
Huel Powder – Black Edition40040~17~17~3Higher protein; gluten-free; smoother flavor
Huel RTD Shakes400~20~34~19Pre-mixed; portable; consistent taste
Huel Bars200~12~18~8Snackable; low-calorie; healthy alternative
Huel Complete Protein105 (per scoop)20~3.2~1.1High-quality, complete plant-based protein

Sustainability and Ethical Nutrition

Huel is committed not only to nutritional completeness but also to reducing the environmental impact of our diets. The company’s focus on plant-based ingredients helps lower greenhouse gas emissions, reduces water usage, and minimizes land use compared to traditional animal-based products.7 Huel’s B Corp certification is a testament to its commitment to social and environmental performance standards.

James Collier, Huel Co-Founder, explains:

“We designed Huel to be the complete food of the future. Our mission isn’t just about convenience—it’s about sustainability, ethical nutrition, and providing a balanced diet that doesn’t harm the planet. In today’s world, where over 60% of the population struggles to get adequate nutrition,8 our products offer a reliable alternative that meets both health and environmental needs.”

The Future of Meal Replacements

As consumer lifestyles continue to evolve, the demand for convenient, nutritionally balanced meal replacements is likely to grow. Innovations in food processing and ingredient sourcing are paving the way for even more advanced formulations that address current drawbacks such as taste monotony and texture issues.

Emerging Trends:

  • Personalization: Future meal replacement products may allow for customization based on individual nutritional needs, dietary restrictions, and taste preferences.
  • Integration with Technology: Apps and smart devices could be used to track nutrient intake and adjust meal replacement regimens in real-time.
  • Enhanced Sustainability: Advances in regenerative agriculture and sustainable packaging will likely play a significant role in shaping the future landscape of meal replacements.

Expert Insight:
Dr. Emily Carter advises, “Consumers should view products like Huel as part of an evolving landscape. As research and technology progress, we expect to see even more refined products that not only deliver complete nutrition but also align perfectly with individual lifestyle needs.”

How we reviewed this article:

Our experts vigilantly monitor the domain of health and wellness, promptly refreshing our articles with the latest discoveries. Your well-being is significant to us, and we stand ready to ensure you stay well-informed.

April 3, 2025

Current Version

April 3, 2025
April 3, 2025

Written By
Jennifer Lê
Edited By
Suzanne Briggs
Medically Reviewed By
Dr Emma Thomas, MPH, PhD
Copy Edited By
Jun Xu

April 3, 2025

At Body Freedom, we rely solely on top-tier sources, such as peer-reviewed studies, to bolster the veracity of our content. Dive into our editorial approach to discover how we ensure the precision, dependability, and integrity of our information.

  1. Jäger, R., Kerksick, C. M., Campbell, B. I., Cribb, P. J., Wells, S. D., Skwiat, T. M., … Antonio, J. (2017). International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-017-0177-8 ↩︎
  2. Halton, T. L., & Hu, F. B. (2004). The Effects of High Protein Diets on Thermogenesis, Satiety and Weight Loss: A Critical Review. Journal of the American College of Nutrition23(5), 373–385. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2004.10719381 ↩︎
  3. Lattimer, J. M., & Haub, M. D. (2010). Effects of dietary fiber and its components on metabolic health. Nutrients, 2(12), 1266-1289. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu2121266 ↩︎
  4. Tulchinsky, T. H. (2015). The key role of government in addressing the pandemic of micronutrient deficiency conditions in Southeast Asia. Nutrients, 7(4), 2518-2523. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7042518 ↩︎
  5. Hernández-Álvarez, A. J., Nosworthy, M. G., & Mondor, M. (2022). Amino acid profile and bioavailability of plant-based protein-rich products. In Plant Protein Foods (pp. 343–379). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76077-9_14 ↩︎
  6. Eswaran, S., Muir, J., & Chey, W. D. (2013). Fiber and functional gastrointestinal disorders. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 108(5), 718-727. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2013.63 ↩︎
  7. Espinosa-Marrón, A., Adams, K., Sinno, L., Cantu-Aldana, A., Tamez, M., Marrero, A., Bhupathiraju, S. N., & Mattei, J. (2022). Environmental impact of animal-based food production and the feasibility of a shift toward sustainable plant-based diets in the United States. Frontiers in Sustainability, 3, Article 841106. https://doi.org/10.3389/frsus.2022.841106 ↩︎
  8. Smil, V. (2001). Feeding the world: A challenge for the twenty-first century. MIT press. ↩︎